From Wikipedia
Ho Chi Minh City has gone by several different names during its history, reflecting settlement by different ethnic, cultural and political groups. In the 1690s, Nguyễn Hữu Cảnh, a Vietnamese noble, was sent by the Nguyễn rulers of Huế to establish Vietnamese administrative structures in the Mekong Delta and its surroundings. Control of the city and the area passed to the Vietnamese, who gave the city the official name of Gia Định (Hán tự: 嘉 定). This name remained until the time of French conquest in the 1860s, when the occupying force adopted the name Saigon for the city, a westernized form of the traditional name,[9] although the city was still indicated as 嘉 定 on Chinese maps until at least 1891.[10] Immediately after the communist takeover of South Vietnam in 1975, a provisional government renamed the city after Hồ Chà Minh, the late North Vietnamese leader.[nb 1] Even today, however, the informal name of Sà i Gòn remains in daily speech both domestically and internationally, especially among the Vietnamese diaspora. In particular, Sà i Gòn is still commonly used to refer to District 1.[11]
[edit]Etymology
Sà i Gòn may refer to the kapok (bông gòn) trees that are common around the city.
Sà i Gòn
An etymology of Sà i Gòn is that Sà i is a Sino-Vietnamese word (Hán tự: 柴) meaning "firewood, lops, twigs; palisade", while Gòn is another Sino-Vietnamese word (Hán tự: 棍) meaning "stick, pole, bole", and whose meaning evolved into "cotton" in Vietnamese (bông gòn, literally "cotton stick", i.e., "cotton plant", then shortened to gòn). This name may refer to the many kapok plants that the Khmer people had planted around Prey Nokor, and which can still be seen at Cây Mai temple and surrounding areas. It may also refer to the dense and tall forest that once existed around the city, a forest to which the Khmer name, Prey Nokor, already referred.[12]
Other proposed etymologies draw parallels from Tai-Ngon (堤 岸), the Cantonese name of Cholon, which means "embankment" (French: quais),[nb 2] and Vietnamese Sai Côn, a translation of the Khmer Prey Nokor (Khmer: ព្រៃនគរ). Prey means forest or jungle, and nokor is a Khmer word of Sanskrit origin meaning city or kingdom—thus, "forest city" or "forest kingdom".[nb 3]
Thà nh phố Hồ Chà Minh
The current official name, Thà nh phố Hồ Chà Minh, abbreviated Tp. HCM, is translated as Ho Chi Minh City, abbreviated HCMC, and in French as Hô Chi Minh Ville (the circumflex is sometimes omitted), abbreviated HCMV. The name commemorates Hồ Chà Minh, the pre-eminent North Vietnamese leader. This name, though not his given name, was one he favored throughout his later years. It combines a common Vietnamese surname (Hồ, 胡) with a given name meaning "enlightened will" (from Sino-Vietnamese 志 明; Chà meaning 'will' (or spirit), and Minh meaning 'light'), in essence, meaning "bringer of light".[13]